Influence of Chloride- and Soda-Dominated Salinity on Physiological and Biochemical Aspects of Halophytes with Different Strategies of Salt Metabolism

Abstract

Abstract The authors study the effect of NaCl and NaHCO3 at concentrations of 1 M on the physiological and biochemical state of Salicornia perennans and Artemisia santonica for 24 hours. In our experiment, we evaluated: the accumulation of Na in the aerial part of plants, the stress index is lipid peroxidation (LPO); the state of membranes – by the composition and content of lipids and proteins, the level of photosynthetic pigments. The euhalophyte S. perennans accumulated Na on average 30% more than the glycohalophyte A. santonica. The addition of NaCl and NaHCO3 to the root environment promoted an increase in LPO in S. perennans by 2.4 times as compared to the control. In the case of A. santonica, LPO concentration increased by 1.2 times, but only when NaHCO3 was added to the soil. In addition, NaCl and NaHCO3 negatively affected plant lipids and proteins. Thus, in S. perennans plants, NaCl contributed to a decrease in phosphlipids by 34%, and NaHCO3 in glycolipids by 22% in comparison with the control. The quantitative content of the sum of water-soluble and membrane-bound proteins in the studied plants decreased by 10–36%. Chloride and soda-dominated salinity caused a decrease in the proportion of chlorophyll a and carotenoids only in S. perennans. The authors concluded that the response of the photosynthetic system and membrane complexes to various types of salinity in euhalophyte and glycohalophyte was different.