Filtered forms of prokaryotes and bacteriophages in soil concretions

Abstract

Abstract In Albic Retisols, Stagnic Fluvisols and Gleyic Fluvisols processes of ferriferous and manganese transformation follows rather active, that create new ecological niches for soil microorganisms.The study of concretions in the Albic Retisols, Stagnic Fluvisols and Gleyic Fluvisols showed, that the most characteristic feature of the prokaryotic community was the higher number and diversity of recoverable bacteria in comparison with the same indexes in the host horizons. The representatives of phylum Proteobacteria (class Gammaproteobacteria and Deltaproteobacteria) were dominant in the microbial communities in studied concretions. For the first time, the bacteriophages were found in concretions among them tailed phages were dominant. The method of the high-throughput sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene allowed to reveal the variability of the prokaryotic community in concretions of the Albic Retisol (Cutanic, Siltic), which was characterized predominantly by 7 bacterial phyla and 2 archaea phyla Both groups of organisms typical of soils and prokaryotes capable of transformation of iron and manganese under aerobic and anaerobic conditions were revealed in soil concretions. The specific characteristic of the studied soil concretions was a widespread occurrence of filtered bacterial forms, which may be considered as specific survival forms in soil loci.