Germination of Cotyledonary Somatic Embryos into Plantlets on Coffea arabica L. of AS2K clone

Abstract

Abstract Andung Sari 2 Klon (AS2K) is an Indonesian superior clone of Arabica coffee (Coffea arabica L.). Coffee plants require two years to complete their life cycle, resulting in genetic development by conventional breeding which is a significant challenge because it takes at least twenty years to produce new varieties that are ready to be marketed. Conventional coffee propagation via shoot cutting is detrimental to the strength and resistance of C. arabica L. cutting roots. Plants lack a taproot, allowing them to collapse easily, and they are frequently attacked by nematodes during the early stages of their growth. Somatic embryogenesis (SE) propagation was possible to produce an excessive number of somatic embryos for the development of plantlets during the availability of elite clones in a field experiment. The purpose of this study was to improve the plant conversion of SE by assessing the effect of different plant growth regulators (PGRs) on plantlet regeneration in AS2K clone Arabica coffee. Cotyledonary embryos were transferred to plantlet regeneration medium, which consisted of a half-strength MS basal medium containing 1 mg/L IBA supplemented with different concentrations (1.0, 3.0, 5.0 mg/l) BAP and (0.5, 1.0, 1.5 mg/l) GA3. Plantlet regeneration was established by using combination of 3 mg/L BAP and 0.5 mg/L GA3 as well as combination of 3 mg/L BAP and 1 mg/L GA3.