Fish waste-derived biomaterial as a support of zero waste and Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)

Abstract

Abstract Fish is a source of animal protein consumed by people worldwide. Its use for health and abundant fish production makes some countries or regions have high consumption compared to other animal protein sources. This study aims to review the potential of fish as a biomaterial to support zero waste and achieve the SDGs. This study reviews journals originating from Science Direct in narrative reviews of skin, scale, and bone waste from fish as biomaterials and the connection between zero waste efforts and SDGs. This study found that fish waste can be recycled into collagen, gelatin, hydroxyapatite, and calcium phosphate as biomaterials for bone tissue engineering, drug delivery, health, cosmetic, food, and pharmaceutical industries. It supports zero waste efforts and the achievement of SDGs in good health and well-being, responsible production and consumption, and decent work and economic growth.