The utilization of palmitamide as palm oil-based plasticizer in SBR/carbon black composites: An observation on degree of carbon-black dispersion

Abstract

Abstract Degree of carbon black (CB) dispersion in the composites of styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR)/CB/palmitamide was observed. The palmitamide is a variety of amides ingredients. It was formed by the chemical reaction of urea and palmitic acid at a locked condition. The palmitic acid is derived from palm oil. The palmitamide was mixed with SBR/CB compounds with varied doses i.e., from two till eight phr, whilst the CB was mixed with the SBR at a settled dose (thirty phr). The impact of palmitamide doses on the degree of CB dispersion in the SBR/CB composites was observed. Based on the torque behaviours of the SBR/CB/palmitamide systems; the degree of CB dispersion was observed. The palmitamide behaved as curative ingredient and plasticizer for the SBR/CB systems. The palmitamide cut down the minimal torque but enlarged maximal torque and torque changes of the systems of SBR/CB. The bigger the palmitamide dose, the lower the minimal. As a plasticizer, the palmitamide cut down the minimal torque causing in better the degree of CB dispersion in SBR. The bigger the palmitamide dose, the better was the CB dispersion.