Genetic variation of gelam (Melaleuca cajuputi subsp. cumingiana) in southern Kalimantan peat swamp population based on isozyme marker

Abstract

Abstract Gelam (Melaleuca cajuputi subsp. cumingiana) is highly utilized timber by local people for house construction, poles, firewood, and other uses. Over-exploitation without sufficient regeneration leads to population reduction and a decrease in genetic variation. Information about the genetic variation of gelam is needed to conserve or improve the species. The study’s objectives were to identify the polymorphism of the enzyme system and the genetic variation of gelam in southern Kalimantan. Seeds were collected from 7 populations in southern Kalimantan. Seedlings were used and assessed by an isozyme marker. Five enzyme marker screening was conducted to determine the genetic variation, only the EST and DIA enzymes showed polymorphic and consistent patterns, POD and SHD showed polymorphic, inconsistent patterns, while GOT did not show the pattern. Genetic variation of gelam in the southern Kalimantan population was quite high (He = 0.4115, Ho = 0.2996, HT = 0.4215), it was mostly distributed within the population (97.6%) Inbreeding (FIS=0.21) or non-random mating occurred and led to a reduction in heterozygosity of the population.