Research of natural functional ekotons in providing balanced development of the Tsimlyan reservoir in South Russia

Abstract

Abstract The article deals with the installation of nature-like technologies in natural reservoirs exposed to high anthropogenic load. Water resources and the changes occurring in them are studied by various scientific schools, but still, the main task is to determine the processes that maintain the homeostasis of the biosphere and which cause irreversible damage. Functional ecotones formed in the coastal water intake zones of water bodies are of particular interest. Since the prevalence of water-natural ecotones is very significant, the study of border biotic communities with the mechanism of fluctuation activity and continuity of biogeocenotic environments requires new technologies for biosphere monitoring. The results of studying the water area of the Tsimlyansk reservoir, located in the South of Russia, undergoing exogenous eutrophication, are shown. The surface layer of the reservoir, heated and enriched with organic and mineral substances, creates favorable conditions for the vital activity of problem biogens, which cause the rapid development of blue-green algae, creating the “blooming effect” of water. The degradation of the fishery Tsimlyansk reservoir with unique natural complexes can be stopped by the algolization technology developed at the All-Russian Research Institute of Irrigated Agriculture. Biological reclamation, the introduction of Chlorella vulgaris into the bays of the Tsimlyansk reservoir, makes it possible to improve the sanitary and hygienic indicators of water, improve the species composition of biological resources, and reduce the “blooming effect”.