Assessment of Toxicity of Technical Detergents Using Complex of Bioassay Methods

Abstract

Abstract The purpose of this work is to compare the sensitivity of biotesting techniques based on the change in bioluminescence intensity of the “Ecolum” test system, the survival rate and the variation in the trophic activity of daphnia in determining the toxicity of waters containing “TOR-LOCOMOTIVE” and “Chemitek Polypro”. “Tor-locomotive” and “Chemitek Polypro” – highly effective technical means for removing complex contaminants of various nature, for washing the main diesel locomotives and electric locomotives. The trophic activity of the crustaceans was estimated by decreasing the fluorescence intensity of chlorophyll of algal cells. It was revealed that “TOR-LOCOMOTIVE” and “Chemitek Polypro” have an inhibitory effect on the ability of plankton filter-daphnia to extract algae from water during their filtration activity. A number of sensitivity of test-functions of biotests in relation to the detergents studied is constructed: trophic activity of crustaceans > survival of daphnia > bioluminescence “Ecolum”. The most sensitive method of biotesting is to change the trophic activity of daphnia, and the most rapid one is to quench the luminescence of the luminous bacteria. The danger of getting these detergents into the water bodies is associated with the violation of ecological processes essential for self-purification of water, including Lake Baikal.