The role of granular organic fertilizers in improving the micromycete composition of the soil

Abstract

Abstract It is necessary to have microorganisms in the rhizosphere for normal growth and development of higher plants. Fungi play an important role in the functioning of ecosystems. Soil fertility is created in the process of vital activity of plants and microorganisms under certain environmental conditions. The size and quality of the crop of cultivated plants depends on the activity of soil microorganisms. Therefore, in the first place, it is necessary to study in detail its micro population in the search for ways to improve soil fertility. They actively participate in the decomposition of organic residues, the synthesis and mineralization of humus, provide elements of the root nutrition of plants, in the nitrogen cycle, form soil structures, stimulate or inhibit plant growth, the synthesis of enzymes, amino acids and other biologically active compounds. Metabolites of soil fungi can cause soil fatigue. Some representatives of micromycetes are the causative agents of plant diseases. Plants and mikomycetes form certain cenoses, the components of which are closely related to each other by functional connections. The vital activity of soil microorganisms is inseparably linked with the fertility of the soil and the content of organic matter in it. The investigations carried out by us showed that the application of granular organic fertilizers based on bird droppings increases the number of soil microorganisms. Under the influence of fertilizers there are changes in the number and composition of the rhizosphere microflora. The number of antagonist fungi increases in the rhizosphere of spring wheat, the number of pathogens decreases. The number of pathogens was from 0.5 to 2.0 thousand.