The recent status of synthetic dyes mycoremediation: A review

Abstract

Abstract Synthetic dyes are extensively utilized in various industries like food and beverage, medicine, cosmetics, dyeing, leather, and textiles, so these dyes are frequently found within the effluent of those industrial wastes. Disposal of coloured waste from various industries into rivers and lakes will reduce dissolved oxygen concentration and produce poisonous conditions in aquatic ecosystems. Additionally, synthetic dye will produce tough composites to degrade (recalcitrant), which can beget carcinogenic, mutagenic, and antipathetic goods on the mortal body. Colour disposal of the synthetic dye before being discharged into the environment is necessary. A provident and environmentally friendly dye removal technology is needed. One similar technology is mycoremediation. Mycoremediation is fungus-based remediation technology that was quite promising in decolorizing synthetic dyes. Various fungi, either directly or by their enzymes, free or immobilized cells have been widely used as dye bioremediation agents. A few investigate works have been exhausted this region, and numerous are going on by researchers to discover the proficient way for such bioremediation. In this review, we describe the most updated research (2019-2021) on fungi as synthetic dye bioremediation agents. However, further evaluation is needed to look at the toxicity of the dye degradation products, the potential utilization of fungal biomass used in the mycoremediation process, and economic value analysis to ensure the development of green technologies.