Effect of feeding coconut sugar-mix coffee rich in antioxidants on blood pressure, serum SOD and MDA of sprague dawley rats

Abstract

Abstract High exposure to cigarette smoke triggers oxidative stress, thereby the intake of foods rich in antioxidants is needed. Coconut sugar-mix coffee enriched with antioxidants from red palm oil is one of the alternatives to increase the supply of antioxidants. This study aimed to determine the effects of feeding coconut sugar mixed coffee rich in antioxidant (CMCRA) on blood pressure, serum SOD and MDA of Sprague Dawley rats. Six groups of rats (n = 6) received the following treatments: one group of rats were given 0.45 g/day of the CMCRA without exposure to cigarette smoke (positive control/P1) while five groups of rats were exposed to cigarette smoke from two cigarettes per day during the study period and given distilled water (negative control/P2), 0.45 g/day of CMCRA (P3), 0.90 g/day of the CMCRA (P4), 1.35 g/day of the CMCRA (P5), and 0.45/day of cane sugar mixed coffee (P6). The observations were conducted on body weight, blood pressure, serum SOD levels, and serum MDA levels. The results of the study showed that the delta increase in blood pressure in the CMCRA groups was lower (5.8–28.6 mmHg) than the cane sugar coffee group (79.2 mmHg) or the negative control group (103.6 mmHg). The decrease in serum SOD levels in the tested-coffee groups (6.75– 44.62%) was lower than the market-sold coffee group (45.97%) or the negative control group (60.44%). The delta increase in serum MDA levels was lower in the tested-coffee groups (0.51– 5.73 nmol/mL) compared to the cane sugar coffee group (6.69 nmol/mL) or the negative control/distilled water group (8.28 nmol/mL). The coffee drinks enriched with antioxidants from red palm oil have the potential to suppress oxidative stress in Sprague-Dawley rats exposed to cigarette smoke.