Study of contemporary climate changes in the Ukrainian humid zone (on the example of the Volyn Region)

Abstract

Abstract Modern agricultural production is under the direct influence of climatic changes, which is also reflected in the water regime formation of the soil during the cultivation of crops. Calculations were made and graphical materials were created for average daily, average decadal, and average monthly values of temperatures and the amount of precipitation per day, month, and year. The influence of modern climatic factors on the water regime formation of the soil (according to the data of the weather station of the city of Kovel, Volyn region) over the last 11-year period has been established. It was determined that the distribution of precipitation is as follows: the share of light precipitation (< 3 mm) is on average 13.9%, moderate (4–14 mm) is 43.3%, significant (15–49 mm) is 36.4%, strong (50–79 mm) is 5.4%, and extraordinary (80–100 mm) is 1% of the total amount. It was determined that the active layer of the soil is formed due to the influence of moderate and significant precipitation. Informational materials on the distribution of atmospheric precipitation by year in quantitative and percentage indicators and their repeatability are presented in an interactive visual report with graphic materials (dashboard), which allows the processing of large arrays of data. It was determined that modern climatic changes (increased air temperature, uneven distribution, change in the nature, intensity, and structure of precipitation, and the increase in the number of cases of heavy downpours that are local in the warm period of the year) don’t allow for the effective accumulation of moisture in the active soil layer. The obtained information materials are the basis for developing a methodology for substantiating the parameters of the management of the soil-water regime on reclaimed lands, taking into account the peculiarities of its formation in modern economic conditions and climate changes.