Valuing hybrid engineering approach: ecosystem and structural based DRR using InVEST model of coastal zone Sikka Flores-Literature Review

Abstract

Abstract The effectiveness and long-term viability of implementing eco-DRR are heavily influenced by the regional context, including factors such as geographical locations, circumstances, and features of risks. The implementation of eco-DRR measures in coastal areas is effectively mitigating the hazards posed by high waves and other hydro-meteorological events, including storm surges, erosion, and coastal floods. The study was carried out within the framework of mangrove forest development as a means of combined protection and hard structural intervention. The success and efficacy of this endeavor rely on various circumstances, such as the magnitude of the large waves and the characteristics of the nearshore bathymetry, which dictate the extent to which the waves reach the coastline beach. In order to achieve optimal effectiveness and provide prompt safeguarding, it is necessary to employ a hybrid approach that combines ecosystem-based disaster risk reduction (DRR) methods with physical structures. This is because non-structural measures, such as ecosystems, inherently require time to grow and are highly susceptible to destruction from waves, rock debris, and water currents. Nevertheless, the ’hybrid approach’ or amalgamation must be formulated in a manner that does not engender novel or distinct dangers in various areas. This study seeks to conduct a comparative analysis of studies on Eco-DRR (Ecological Disaster Risk Reduction) focusing on high waves and other hydrometeorological risks in coastal areas. The objective is to develop a hybrid model that combines Eco-DRR and engineering effectiveness evaluation for disaster risk management, specifically for the Sikka Flores coastline area.