Labor separation trends in growing environmental demands

Abstract

Abstract The EU countries, Russia and Ukraine have become participants in the global division of labor in an environment of increasing environmental requirements. In the EU, legislation provides for compliance with the conditions for a harmonious relationship between the number of animals and the size of the land plot. In Ukraine and Russia, every year the number of enterprises is decreasing, and the concentration of animals is concentrated on huge farms, whose activities do not fit into any environmental standards. In terms of the density of the conditional livestock per 1 hectare of agricultural land, in 2017 Ukraine moved to the 183rd place among the countries of the world, and Russia to the 190th place. The countries of the world are divided into those that supply raw materials – cereals and oilseeds and their processing products, and others – engaged in subsequent refinement, re-export or processing, the production of compound feed, livestock products and the export of finished products – meat, dairy products, highly productive animals, etc. In 2019, compared to 1992, grain exports in Ukraine and Russia increased by 39.5 million tons, and 39.8 million tons, respectively. As a result of the implementation of the strategy associated with the reduction of the sown areas of labor-intensive crops and the increase in the export of fodder resources, the employment of the rural population compared to 1991 decreased by more than 10 times. Russia and Ukraine are not capable at the present stage of exporting pork of meat high-performance genotypes.