Effect of weather and climatic conditions on the yield of winter wheat cultivated using No-Till technology

Abstract

Abstract The study was conducted between 2018 and 2020 in the arid zone of Stavropol Territory to determine the yields of different varieties of winter wheat cultivated using direct seeding technology, based on weather and climatic changes. The work was carried out on the basis of «Agrokhleboprodukt» JSC agricultural enterprise. The precursors were sunflower, chickpea; soft winter wheat varieties - Zustrich (st.), Bagira and Bagrat. It was found that growth, development and productivity of winter wheat depended on abnormal weather-climatic conditions. It was noted that annual average rainfall tended to decrease while annual average temperature and vegetation index NDVI tended to increase. The average variation of indicators for sprouting of different varieties and precursors was 9 %. The seedlings emerged 19-20 days after sowing. The rates of variation reflected the high heterogeneity in plant development in all phases. The variation of sprouting density was homogeneous in all varieties and precursors. Reduction of the index was observed from the phase of sprouting to earing and for all the precursors. Winter wheat yields were 3.01-4.50 t/ha for sunflowers and 3.26-4.68 t/ha for chickpeas. The variety Bagrat showed the best results for chickpeas and the variety Zustrich for sunflowers.