Quantification of Water Balance of Terraced Paddy Field in Northern Bali by Using Remote Monitoring

Abstract

Abstract This study is part of a sustainable water management research project, which explores how to manage water and land resources in a holistic way and enhance the interactions between humans, water and land. The objective of this research is the quantification of water balance in a terraced paddy field in mid-stream Saba Watershed, situated in the northern Bali, Indonesia, by using internet of things based remote monitoring. Observation was conducted by implementing monitoring system of weather, soil and water environment at a terraced paddy field. Water balance components values were determined by carefully analyzing observation data including soil moisture, rainfall, evapotranspiration, water level or water table, and then used to determined losses through seepage and percolation. Further, by examining the water balance and field data visually observed by remote camera data of site activity, the annual water balance quantity and water productivity of the site was estimated. The water balance components of rainfall, net Q, percolation, ET and field water storage change are : 7061mm, 2215mm, 7456mm, 1761mm and 60mm. Using 3 definitions for water productivity, the values are 0.887 kg/m3 (ET based), 0.230 kg/m3 (net Q based) and 0.145 kg/m3 (net Q + rainfall based).