Preparation of carbon anode sheet precursor using raw Air Laya–Bukit Asam coal and its application for battery

Abstract

Abstract Research has been carried out on manufacturing carbon electrode thin sheets used as anode for solid battery cells. The material used is raw coal carbonized at 800 and 1000oC, polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), and N-Dimethylacetamide (DMAC) as a solvent. Observation of crystal structure by X-rays diffraction method shows a diffraction pattern where crystallites in all product samples have an intermediate structure between graphite and amorphous known as a turbostratic structure or a random layer lattice structure. The distance between the crystallite structure’s aromatic layers (d002) is in the range 3.52-3.62 Å. Aromaticity (fa) is in the range 0.42 - 0.48 for all samples. The high value of d002 indicated that the crystallinity or level of graphitization obtained by all samples was still low. Manufacturing technique using a Doctor Blade-based tape casting method. The discharge capacities of the samples reach about 60 and 18 mAh.g-1, while their charge capacities at the first cycle are 50 and 16 mAh.g1, respectively. Cyclic voltammetry (CV) was performed using anodes resulted at 0.1 to 2.3 volt. During the forward scan, CV curves of the sample reveal a reduction current starting from around 1.2 V and exhibiting two-reduction waves, between 1.2 and 0.6 V.