Inventory and classification of geosites in the South-Central Coast of Vietnam

Abstract

Abstract The establishment of a connection to sustainability is evident through the expansion of the Global Geoparks network and geotourism initiatives, emphasizing the protection of geodiversity alongside biodiversity conservation. The outcomes of the geosite inventory laid the foundation for the development of the geopark. In the South-Central Coast of Vietnam, characterized by its small and narrow area, intricate tectonic structure, distinctive topography, and unique climate, where conservation efforts are yet to be initiated, the geosite inventory assumes particular significance. The geosite inventory was conducted using four research approaches, which are as follows: 1) Studying documents on geosite inventory, geological and geomorphological investigation documents; 2) Field survey; 3) Expert methods and 4) GIS techniques. The results of the inventory demonstrate how diverse the geosite types and geometries are along Vietnam South-Central Coast. The research findings reveal a total of 90 geosites distributed among 10 geo-theme groups, categorized into 5 types: area, section, point, viewpoint, and complex. These geosites align with 5 primary scientific interests, encompassing tectonics, lithology stratigraphy, hydrology, and geomorphology. Notably, three distinct tectonic units characterize the geosites, with the Kon Tum massif exhibiting the highest number and diversity. Across the eight provinces/cities along the South-Central coast, all are endowed with rare or precious geosites. Despite Ninh Thuan province’s arid climate, it boasts a notable count of 16 geosites. In contrast, Quang Nam province has the fewest geosites (only 6), while other provinces range between 8 and 13 geosites. Remarkably, three provinces – Quang Nam, Khanh Hoa, and Binh Thuan – showcase geosites of all five types.