Spatio Temporal Variations of Ridehailing Use on Campus Travel in Surabaya City, Indonesia

Abstract

Abstract Surabaya, one of Indonesia’s most densely populated cities, faces the challenge of massive urbanization and heavy traffic congestion. The city’s population of over three million, coupled with high mobility, has led to a surge in motorized vehicles, especially private cars. This is a direct consequence of the growth and development of the city. The prevalence of ride-hailing services in Surabaya has emerged as a common phenomenon, offering a solution to the rising demand for transportation services. By embracing ride-hailing services, the public has transitioned from traditional modes of transportation to digitally enabled, more convenient alternatives. From a spatial perspective, understanding the role of geographical factors is crucial in predicting ride-hailing trends. This research employs the Geographical Weighted Regression (GWR) method to analyze the factors influencing ride-hailing demand for students commuting to and from their campuses during different periods. Primary data collection is conducted through questionnaires to gather information about travel characteristics such as distance, time, cost, and frequency. Secondary data sources include data related to road density (arterial, collector, local roads), density, destination accessibility, diversity (land-use mix entropy), and transit access (bus stops and stations). The findings reveal significant variables influencing variations in ride-hailing demand for student commuters in Surabaya based on periods. These include travel characteristics (cost/time/distance), design (neighborhood road density), destination accessibility (tourist attractions, sports and leisure facilities, cultural and educational services, and commercial, and residential density), as well as transit access at bus stops and stations.