The use of waste bones of rabbitfish (Siganus sp.) for the synthesis of hydroxyapatite

Abstract

Abstract This study obtained hydroxyapatite (HA) material by extracting waste bones from rabbitfish (Siganus sp.). The fish bones used are obtained from the waste bones of rabbitfish (Siganus sp.); besides being readily available in nature, they also reduce unwanted environmental impacts. X-ray fluorescence (XRF) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) observations were used to analyze the hydroxyapatite (HA) produced by the sintering process. Samples produced at sintering temperatures of 800 °C, 850 °C, 900 °C, 950 °C, and 1000 °C had stoichiometric molar ratios of (Ca/P) that were, respectively, 1.728, 1.875, 1.759, 1.758, and 1.696. These results are consistent with the hydroxyapatite stoichiometric ratio (Ca/P = 1.67), and SEM was used to examine the measurement morphology of hydroxyapatite. This study reveals that bone waste from rabbitfish can be a source of biomaterials for bone tissue engineering.