Main modes of the Arctic Ocean circulation and a relationship between their trends and the Atlantic water heat content

Abstract

Abstract A study is presented on integral variability in Arctic Ocean characteristics, such as the volume transport and the heat content of the Atlantic water (AW) layer, obtained as results of numerical simulations using a model, SibCIOM. On the basis of an EOF decomposition three non-degenerate modes are obtained for the integral stream function and three modes for the heat content of the AW layer in the Arctic. Considering the cross-correlations of the EOF principal components a 44-yr cycle is obtained. It relates the cyclonic circulation mode in the Arctic and the second mode of AW heat content, associated with the AW warming in the area of the Beaufort Gyre. The Atlantic Multi-decadal Oscillation (AMO) statistically can act as a source of such a cycle, however, the thus obtained correlation is at the limit of the admissible significance, and the period of AMO oscillations is 1.5-2 times longer. In our opinion, a relationship with fluctuations in the Atlatic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) seems to be more plausible. However, no understanding of the role of these two mid-latitude and polar processes in relation to what extent they act as a cause or a consequence has yet been established in this study.