Evaluation of spring wheat in the context of grain production in the Tyumen region and characterization of the ecologic resistance of its varieties in attaining food security

Abstract

Abstract Grain production plays a leading role in Russia’s food security. The indicators of grain production in the Tyumen region for 2014-2018 and the characterization of spring wheat varieties by yield and adaptability parameters for 2017-2019 are presented. The material of the study was the data of the Department of Federal Service of State Statistics of the Tyumen region on the production of cereals and the results of variety testing of spring wheat in the conditions of the northern forest steppe zone of the Tyumen region. The realization of yield potential of the varieties was determined by E.D. Nettevich’s method, the scope of indicators of grain production and productivity of varieties was found according to V.A. Zykin, the index of environmental conditions and ecological plasticity of varieties – according to S.A. Eberhart, W.A. Russell, and the ecological resistance – according to D. Lewis. The average yield of cereals and legumes was 2.06 t/ha and that of spring wheat – 1.95 t/ha. The variety Tyumenskaya 29 was characterized by the highest average yield (4.67 t/ha). Depending on the variety the realization of yield potential ranged from 77.0% (Lutescens 70) to 86.6% (Scent 3). According to the responsiveness to the change in conditions, three groups of varieties were noted: strongly responsive to the change of conditions – Ikar, Tyumenskaya 29; plastic – Lutescens 70, Scent 3, Aviada; weak responsive to changing conditions – Chernyava 13, Omskaya 36. By their ecologic resistance the varieties Scent 3 and Tyumenskaya 29 were the best. According to the results of the complex assessment of varieties, the variety Tyumenskaya 29 was deemed the best.