Morphological characteristics, yield and quality of black pepper Ciinten variety in three agro ecological conditions

Abstract

Abstract Indonesia has long been known as one of the world major producers of black pepper. Bangka Belitung and Lampung provinces are the main black pepper production regions in Indonesia. In addition, West Java is also one of the pepper-producing regions. This research aims at observing the morphological characteristics, yield and quality of a local variety that has been grown in West Java. The observations were carried out in three agro ecological conditions Sukabumi, Purwakarta and Ciamis districts during two harvesting season at the age of 4 and 5 years on 5 plants/plot, repeated four times. For comparison, Petaling1 has been used but only in Purwakarta. The results showed that pepper Ciinten variety has broad-leaved, long spike, high number of fruits per spike, also big the size of berries. The production of green berries per vine 4.30 kg/tree, with levels of the essential oil, oleoresin and piperine are 2.79%, 12.71% and 4.73% respectively (white pepper), 2.74%, 15.98% and 4.34% respectively (black pepper). The percentage of fruit set is also high. To get the same unit of weight on Ciinten variety requires the number of spikes harvested 1/3 times (66) of Petaling 1 (189 spikes), making this variety more efficient in harvesting costs.