A statistical model for remediation plan of endosulfan-contaminated lowland rice fields with agricultural waste

Abstract

Abstract Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs) compounds are still found in agricultural land in Indonesia. One of them is α-endosulfan which is a potent insecticide in the green revolution era. Remediation of agricultural contaminated land is needed to be a sustainable benefit. The purpose of the research is to develop a statistical model of sustainable remediation with agricultural waste in α-endosulfan-contaminated lowland rice fields. The study was conducted from June 2015 to May 2016 with experimental methods in the screenhouse. The experiment used a completely randomized design (CRD) with seven treatments of combinations of biochar-compost manure, and three replications. The results showed different equation models in the first planting season and the second planting season. The model illustrates that α-endosulfan contamination 0.16 mg g−1 can be reduced to be below MRL by adding biochar-compost ratio 1:4. The availability of organic matter and total bacteria in the soil can reduce α-endosulfan residues. Both factors should be managed by increasing their availability in the soil. In the second season, organic C content in the soil did not significantly affect α-endosulfan residues that had been below MRL. The statistical model of α-endosulfan contaminated-land remediation can be used to plan the remediation of a pesticide-contaminated land, especially endosulfan.