Assessment of Darbandikhan Reservoir’s water for different purposes by using (WQI), (HPI) and (MI) indices

Abstract

Abstract This study aimed to evaluate the water quality of Darbandikhan Reservoir for different purposes by using an integrated approach of water quality index (WQI), heavy metal pollution index (HPI) and metal index (MI). The samples were collected from twenty sampling stations across the reservoir in December 2021, and the sampling stations were selected by using GPS. Seven physicochemical parameters were examined to determine (WQI) including: (pH, turbidity, TDS, NO3 -2, DO, BOD5 and fluoride). Also, five heavy metals were tested to determine (HPI) an (MI) indices. This integrated approach helps to give a comprehensive evaluation of water in the study area. This approach also can overcome limitations of traditional indices regarding water quality in order to make the evaluation outcome more accurate. The results showed that the mean value of (WQI) of the study area was (79.1) which fall under (very poor quality) category. The mean values of (HPI) were (66.75) - (High affected) and (14.09) - (Low affected) for drinking and irrigation uses respectively. However, the mean values of (MI) for the study area were (4.98) - (Strongly affected) and (0.37) – (Pure) for drinking and irrigation uses respectively. The results showed that Darbandikhan Reservoir’s water is suitable for irrigation and industrial purposes only; while, it is not fit for drinking use without high process of treatment. This paper helps to facilitate effective management practices of water quality.