Agricultural Waste Liquefied Hydrothermally using Heterogeneous Catalyst

Abstract

Abstract Due to its abundance and sustainability, lignocellulosic biomass is a possible replacement for petroleum oil in the production of energy and chemicals. Numerous thermochemical processes have been used in significant study to turn biomass into products with added value. One of the best methods for creating bio-fuels and bio-based compounds among them is hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL). However, a number of technological obstacles still need to be removed before HTL technology can be widely used in industry. Hydrothermal liquefaction is now thought to be amongst the most popular effective processes to converting moist biomass for bio crude, but it requires costly renovation procedures to be utilized as biofuel. It is crucial to employ catalysts that may straightforwardly improve the bio crude yield as well as the efficiency of the reaction process; the benefit of raising the operation’s overall production; the impacts of adding heterogeneous catalysts and how they affect the bio-crude yield. In lignocellulosic biomass hydrothermal liquefaction, a typical catalytic activity was discovered, dividing the various catalysts into four separate groups (transition metal, lanthanide oxide, alkaline metal oxide, and zeolite). The purpose study is to objectively evaluate the hydrothermal liquefaction of lignocellulosic biomass and know effecting of adding a zeolite catalyst on it, with a focus on increasing the production and efficiency of the biofuel. In addition, it has drawn attention to the natural stimulatory effects associated with zeolite catalysts.