Experimental study on the influence of principal stress axes rotation on sand mechanical behavior and non-coaxiality effects

Abstract

Abstract The soil around the foundations of offshore engineering experienced the principal stress axes rotation caused by the wave loadings. To investigate the influence of the principal stress axes rotation on the soil stress-strain relationship, a series of pure principal stress axes rotation tests under drained/undrained conditions were carried out with a hollow cylinder apparatus. The undrained test results show that the deviatoric stress, relative density, and starting point of rotation affect the mechanical properties of sand. Through the analysis of pore water pressure accumulation in the 1st cycle, it was observed that more pore pressure accumulates in Quadrants II and III, while relatively less accumulates in Quadrants I and IV. Under drained and undrained conditions, the non-coaxial behavior of the soil differs. The non-coaxiality can be significantly observed in the drained test, and the direction of strain increment tends to the stress increment direction when the cycle number increases.