Application of MODIS land surface temperature data on ENSO-based analysis in Kalimantan

Abstract

Abstract El Nino Southern Oscillation as climate anomaly has been impacted Land Surface Temperature (LST) in Indonesia. Higher temperature during El Nino has been considered to give more risk in fire hazards in Kalimantan, thus, analysis of spatial and temporal distribution of LST became crucial. This study aims to analyze the spatial and temporal distribution of land surface temperature in Kalimantan based on the ENSO phases from 2014 to 2020. MODIS MOD11A1 images and ONI index were used as analysis materials. Image processing was conducted by selecting pixels using the QC band and then processing the LST values using a scale using RStudio software. The result shows the distribution of higher LST values on the southern side of Kalimantan, influenced by low elevation, peat soil, and land use change. The temporal distribution shows a tendency for higher temperatures in the dry months of August to October, with an increase of 4.5 percent during El Nino and a decrease of 0.9 percent during La Nina from 2014 to 2020. This study could contribute to management and mitigation for fire risk in certain area and period as ENSO occurred in Kalimantan.