Effect of some Chemical Herbicides and Seeding Rates on the Growth and Productivity of Bread Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and Its Associated Weeds in Different Environments

Abstract

Abstract The experiment was conducted in one of the farmers’ fields during season (2022-2023) in Nineveh Governorate at two locations, first one in Al-Nimrood, and second one in Hammam Al’aleel. The experiment included two factors: the first factor was chemical herbicides (Navigator, Timeline Trio) at the recommended concentrations, in addition to the control treatment and the second factor was seeding rates (120, 160 kg. ha-1). Planting dates on (22/11, and 1/12/2022) for both locations respectively, using the wheat variety (Babel 113), approved by the Ministry of Agriculture. The experiment was applied as factorial experiment using a split-block experimental design, with complete randomization of treatments (RCBD), with three replicates. A plot size was 12 m2, where the main plots included chemical herbicides, while the sub-plots included seeding rates. The experiment was irrigated using fixed sprinklers, and the harvesting dates was on (24, and 28/5/2023) for both locations respectively. The results showed that herbicides were superiority of in reducing the number of narrow and broad leaves weeds and their dry weights over the control treatment in both locations, Furthermore, the herbicide “Timeline Trio” superiority of the herbicide “Navigator” in traits of grain yield, reached (525.833, 604.167 g.m-2) for both locations respectively, while the control treatment recorded the lowest yield, reached (227.5, 393.5 g.m-2) for both locations respectively. The seeding rate of (160 kg. ha-1) superiority of the seeding rate of (120 kg. ha-1) in reducing the number and dry weights of narrow and broad-leaves weeds, which positively reflected on the increase in yield for both locations.