Effect of Biochar and By-Products of Kubeisa Cement Factory on The Characteristics of Vegetative Growth for The Hot Pepper Plant Capsicum annuum L.

Abstract

Abstract The pots experiment was carried out spring season of 2023 in the wooden canopy of the Centre of Desert Studies at the University of Anbar. in soil with an alluvial mixture texture. To study the effect of soil application of biochar in three concentrations (0,15, 25 gm. Pot-1), and the by-products of the Kubeisa Cement Factory (0,10,15 gm. Pot-1) on the vegetative growth characteristics of Capsicum annuum L. A factorial experiment was carried out with a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD), and three replications, the first factor being the concentrations of the biochar soil and the second factor being the concentrations of by-products. The results were summarized as follows: 1. The addition of biochar in the soil had a significant effect on some vegetative growth characteristics, the level of 15 gm. Pot-1 gave the highest average plant height (59.1 cm), while the concentration of 25 gm. Pot-1 gave the highest average chlorophyll index percentage in the leaves (52.36 spads), the average internode number (14.1 internodes plant-1) and the average stem diameter (0.57). 2. By-products of the Kubeisa Cement Factory addition to the soil led to a significant increase in the average of most studied characteristics, the level of 10 gm. Pot-1 gave the highest average for the number of characteristics, including plant height (59.6 cm), the chlorophyll percentage in the leaves (52.77 spades), the internodes number (14.3 internodes plant-1) and stem diameter (0.57 cm plant-1), and dry weight of the plant (43.8 g plant-1). While 15 gm. Pot-1 recorded the highest average branch number (22.8 branches plant-1). 3. The interaction between the levels of additional biochar and by-products of the Kubeisa Cement Factory affected the vegetative total of the plant and had a significant effect on all the characteristics studied, the addition of 25 gm. Pot-1 with by-products of 15 gm. Pot-1 gave the highest average plant height (60.6 cm) and the chlorophyll percentage in the leaves (53.99 spads), pod length (6.08 cm) and dry weight of the plant (46.0 gm.).