Modified geomorphic flood index (GFI) method on backwater problem in tidal tropical river for rapid flood assessment

Abstract

Abstract The Geomorphic Flood Index (GFI) model can show flood inundation in a watershed based on flood events. Flood inundation can occur because of the backwater effect in the river channel. The different water levels from the river and tide that occur downstream may temporarily disturb the water depth and flow velocity. Because of this disturbance, a backwater effect might occur. The case study is located at the Plumbon River in Semarang City, which has the potential for a backwater effect in the river downstream. Backwater is a hydraulic phenomenon that occurs in rivers and can be simulated using a hydrodynamic model, as it can show the relationship between river discharge and tides. The conventional GFI method does not consider hydraulic effects, such as backwater effects, as part of the calculation. Therefore, modifications will be inserted into the calculation of the hydraulic effect on the modelling of flood inundation. The main purpose of this study is to build a modified GFI method that includes backwater analysis in its modelling to predict the backwater effect that occurs downstream of rivers and its impact on inundation. This study will help rapidly predict flood inundation.