The Effect of Using Hydrogel and Some Biological and Chemical Treatments on Controlling Charcoal Rot Disease in Soybeans Under Field Experiment Conditions

Abstract

Abstract The study was conducted in the laboratories and fields of the Plant Protection Department / Ministry of Agriculture, Baghdad/Abu Ghraib. The results showed a significant superiority in the use of hydrogel in all the studied characteristics, the organic copper treatment, along with Trichoderma harzianum and fungicide Baltanole, exhibited remarkable superiority in mitigating pathogen-induced damage. These treatments not only reduced infection incidence and severity but also enhanced yield weight per individual plant and the rate of dry root weight. This efficacy was observed whether the treatments were applied individually or in combination. It became evident that the lowest percentage and severity of infection were 10% and 11.10% respectively when using the triple treatment C + T.h + Baltanole with hydrogel under disease conditions, compared to 76.60% and 72.50% when treating the pathogenic fungus alone without using hydrogel. It also appeared that there was an increase in the rate of dry total root weight and plant yield weight with the same triple treatment under infection conditions and hydrogel, reaching 6.50 and 250.18 grams/plant respectively, compared to 4.10 and 337.6 grams/plant respectively in the treatment of the pathogenic fungus alone under hydrogel conditions. Whereas under non-hydrogel use conditions, the rate of dry total root weight and plant yield weight with the same triple treatment under infection conditions was 5.83 and 224.48 grams/plant respectively, compared to 3.90 and 112 grams/plant in the treatment of the pathogenic fungus alone under non-hydrogel conditions.