The Effect of Biological and Physicochemical Factors on the Water Quality of the Al-Warar System in the City of Ramadi, Western Iraq

Abstract

Abstract Background: Surface water bodies are essential sources of water for human consumption, residential use, agriculture, industrial operations, as well as for aquatic life and ecosystems. Materials and Methods: Water samples were collected from 4 sites of the Al-Warar water system, west of Ramadi, during the summer and winter seasons from October 2022 until July 2023; bacteriological and physicochemical parameters were analyzed for water samples also isolation and identification of bacteria. Results: Ranged values of Temperture, pH, turbidity, Chloride, TDS, Sodium, EC, TH, sulphate, DO, BOD, nitrite, nitrate, phosphate, and FC during winter season and summer were 12°C, 7.2-7.6, 5.5-10.5 NTU, 167-274 (mg L-1) 975-1331 (mg L-1), 140-208 (mg L-1), 1453-1996 (μS/cm), 129-155(mg L-1), 388-597(mg L-1), 4-8 (mg L-1), 8.5-15.5(mg L-1), 1-3 (mg L-1), 2.80-10.70(mg L-1), 0.05-0.14(mg L-1), and 3.19-5.83 (colony per ml), respectively. The corresponding values during the summer season were 33°C, 7.6-7.8, 6-12NTU, 232-288 (mg L-1), 1062-1518 (mg L-1), 165-225 (mg L-1), 1960-2705 (μS/cm), 127-145 (mg L-1), 416-686 (mg L-1), 5.8-7.9 (mg L-1), 9-14 (mg L-1), 0.35-1.70 (mg L-1), 0.66-0.81 (mg L-1), 0.14-1.27 (mg L-1), and 5.10-14.11 (colony per ml), respectively. The highest rate of coliform bacteria was recorded throughout the study period in the summer, and the lowest rate was recorded during the winter, where (5) species of the Enterobacteriaceae family were diagnosed with different percentages: Escherichia coli 37% and then Klebsiella pneumonia at 25%. Enterobacter closes at a rate of 15%, then Enterobacter ludwigii at a rate of 13%, then Aeromonas veronica at a rate of 10%. Escherichia coli bacteria also dominated all study sites, indicating microbial contamination of Al-Warar water system.