Hydrogeomorphology of spring at the junction of sumbing-sindoro twin stratovolcanoes, central java

Abstract

Abstract The study on the potential of springs is urgently needed to support sustainable development in the stratovolcano area. This study was conducted in the junction of Sumbing and Sindoro stratovolcano, to analyze the characteristics of springs which include the pattern of distribution, discharge, and, water quality. The data were collected by employing observation, literature study, and documentation. The data analysed using GIS, statistical and descriptive analysis. The results show that springs patterns are random. The spring discharge in both volcanoes varies between class V to VI. Between the Sumbing and Sindoro there is no difference in the average of discharge, water temperature, DO, and pH, but it is different in the average of TDS and EC. Water temperature has a strong influence on EC in Sumbing but weak in Sindoro. The increase in water temperature has a weak effect on the decrease of DO in both volcanoes. The decrease in spring elevation influences the increase in water temperature, strong in Sumbing but weak in Sindoro. The difference in geomorphological conditions between Sumbing and Sindoro contributes to the variation of the spring’s characteristics. Overall, this paper presents new insights to understand the effect of different geomorphological conditions in two adjacent stratovolcanoes on the characteristics of springs.