Assessment of the microecological status of the rumen of cattle using the 16S Metagenomics method

Abstract

Abstract The paper presents an assessment of the microecological status of the rumen of cattle using the 16S metagenomics method against the background of the introduction of substances with bacteriostatic action. The analysis of the data showed that the introduction of probiotics, prebiotics, antibiotics, both separately and in a composition with a plant extract, decreases the diversity of the bacterial landscape relative to the control group contained in the main diet, but did not have a significant effect on the complexity of bacterial communities. In all groups, the phylum Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes were of the greatest importance; their ratio directly depended on the use of the studied substances in the diet. The range of content of phylum Firmicutes started from 7.31% to 32.4%, phylum Bacteroidetes from 17.9% to 74.5% of the total number of bacteria, depending on the group. The exceptions were the groups that received the probiotic and prebiotic in a composition with the extract. In the first case, the greatest value belongs to the phylum Proteobacteria (67.9% of the total number) relatively to Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes (8.01% and 17.9% of the total number), in the second case, the phylum Fibrobacteres (21.3% of the total number) relatively to Firmicutes (7.31% of the total number). Bacteroidetes (70.6% of the total number of microorganisms) was the predominant representative of the taxon.