Author:
Hussein Saba Sadeq,Maturud Abdulnabi Abdul Amir,Abass Mohammed Hamza
Abstract
Abstract
The goal of this study was to identify fungicides with a broad-spectrum effectiveness and their capacity to inhibit fungal contaminants in banana tissue cultures. Numerous fungi were isolated from tissues of banana cultures of the Grand 9 variety. Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus niger, Cladosporium oxysporum, Penicillium digitatum, P. expansum, and Penicillium sp. were among the contaminated fungi isolated. These fungi were inhibited successfully using the fungicides Beltanol, Agrisave, and Zoxis. Hoever, Beltanol was outperformed compared with Agrisave and Zoxis fungicides, with an inhibition rate of 100% for concentrations of 0.25, 0.5, and 1 ml/l. Thus, the addition of Beltanol fungicide to the banana culture medium had a positive influence on the fresh and dry weight of the tissues, with the average fresh weight increasing to 2.93 g compared with 2.4 g in the control treatment. Also, the dry weight was increased from to 0.21 g while it was 0.17 g in the control treatment. Additionally, the results demonstrated the enzymatic effectiveness (cellulase enzyme) of isolated fungi without treatment, that showed high effectiveness in P. digitatum fungus with an activity rate reached 2.33 mm. In contrast, C. oxysporum and P. expansum fungi displayed moderate efficiency with activity rates that reached 1.5 and 1.41 mm respectively. On the other hand, A. flavus and A. niger fungi exhibited low efficacy with activity rates of 1.25 and 1.12 mm respectively. Furthermore, the results revealed that P. expansum fungus had a high enzymatic effectiveness index with a rate of 1.85 mm, while C. oxysporum, P. digitatum, and A. flavus fungi had moderate enzymatic effectiveness with rates of 1.46, 1.34, and 1.26, respectively. A. niger fungus had the lowest enzymatic effectiveness with a rate of 1.23. The enzymatic secretion of the isolated fungi was inhibited efficiently via addition of the fungicide Beltanol to these fungi.