Diversity and genome classification of Banana (Musa spp.) at Kuantan Singingi District - Riau Province, Indonesia

Abstract

Abstract The objective of this research was to determine the genome group, and to observe the genetic relationship between banana cultivars in the Kuantan Singingi District, Riau Province. Twenty-five local banana cultivars were observed and characterized morphologically by following of IPGRI standard, genome classification was determined according to the Simmond and Shepherd method, and UPGMA clustering were conducted. Twenty-five banana cultivars observed is classified into two genome group, namely AA/AAA genomes, and AAB genome. The coefficient similarity value of twenty-five banana cultivars based on morphological markers ranged from 0.23 to 1.00. Several banana cultivars showed the coefficient similarity value of 1.00, indicating that they are similar morphologically but different in naming in the community. UPGMA dendrogram clustered twenty-five banana cultivars into three groups, The first cluster consists of Kepok, Batu, Tanduk, Nangka, Godang, Ambon, Kapas, and Kolek Siam banana. The second cluster included banana cultivars of Abu, Talun, Godok, Pinang, Kapal, Raja, Sawak, and Serai banana. The third cluster consisted of Lidi, Tunjuk, Rotan, 40Hari, Lomak Manih, Somanih, Emas, Ome, and Bantan banana. This study concluded that a minimum of eighteen banana cultivars should be collected for the conservation program, and hybridization can be performed among banana cultivars having low similarity coefficient values.