Scientific framework for selecting explants of Iris L. genus for direct shoot regeneration

Abstract

Abstract The explant type, its anatomical structure, and hormonal composition of culture media are crucial for selecting explants of Iris L. genus for direct shoot regeneration in tissue culture. In case of vegetative bud culture, antibiotics must be added to the agar medium with due regard to the antibiotic sensitivity of microflora. On MS medium (Murashige and Skoog 1962) supplemented with BA (6 µM) + NAA (5 µM) + L-glutamine and adenine sulfate (100 mg/l), the embryos of I. hybrida and I. sibirica developed into adventitious shoots and the multiplication coefficient of I. ensata increased in subsequent passages. In the budding phase, the rhachis and perianth tube maintained meristematic tissues and exhibited morphogenetic capacity. The fragments of generative organs of I. ensata, I. hybrid and I. sibirica formed the shoots on MS media containing BA (4–8 µM) and NAA (3–5 µM). The highest percentage of the shoots (100%) formed from the perianth tube explants had the structure similar to perianth lobes instead of the first leaf primordia. Further culture resulted in the formation of the shoots typical of these species of iris.