Assessment of Mangrove Ecosystem Potential in Bontang Regency-East Kalimantan to Reduce Abrasion

Abstract

Abstract The Potential of mangroves in Indonesia is quite large because it is covered of 22% of the total area of mangrove forests in the world with high species diversity. Nowadays, the area of ecosystem mangrove in Indonesia has decreased by 30-50% in the past half century. Bontang City is known for its fishery products, both marine products, and processed fishery products. Pressure on the mangrove ecosystem also occurs in the city of Bontang. The increasing population living on the coast, the mangrove forest of Bontang City continues to be under pressure in the form of timber extraction and land conversion. This study propose an integrated approach of remote sensing and Geographical Information System. Mangrove area identified by using Mangrove Vegetation Index (MVI) in the form [NIR-Green]/[SWIR-Green]. Time series analysis also conducted in order to asses mangrove area dynamics. Area for mangrove rehabilitation is carried out using combination approach between Normalized Difference Moisture Index (NDMI) overlaid with flooded vegetation areas from esri.com. NDMI was obtained from formula [NIR-SWIR]/[NIR+SWIR]. The analysis observations from 2017 to 2021 show that development activities in Bontang coastal area are increased but this condition does not interfere with mangrove growth because based on the results of the analysis, the area of mangroves is enhanced by 153.80 ha. Based on the analysis, there are 2 (two) villages which is the most potential for mangrove rehabilitation area namely Bontang Kuala about 115.7 ha (71.94%) and Tanjung Laut Indah 21.2 Ha or 13.19%. The result provides a model that can be used as a reference for policymakers in efforts to manage mangrove ecosystems for protection and restoration on the coast of Bontang City