The potential of biomass for addressing energy needs in the cement industry: a systematic literature review

Abstract

Abstract Utilizing biomass as an alternative energy source is crucial for reducing the environmental impacts of global warming and climate change by replacing coal. This study conducts a systematic literature review (SLR) to examine the potential of biomass in the cement industry and its environmental effects. The research methodology comprises four stages: 1) conducting an SLR using the Scopus database, 2) guided by PRISMA; 3) performing a bibliometric analysis with VOSviewer; and 4) comparing findings with in-plant observations. The SLR encompassed a bibliometric analysis of 40 selected journal articles. The primary finding underscores the significant benefits of renewable energy sources like rice and corn. Implementing biomass in cement plants in Indonesia reduces energy consumption by 499.000 MWh and decreases CO2 emissions by 361.309.000 tons per year. In the USA, about 4.32 million tons of dry biomass can generate 5.2 million MWh of electricity, equivalent to 250 gallons of gasoline. The potential of microorganisms and algae as future fuel sources is substantial, highlighting the need for a gradual shift from coal-based to biomass energy. This transition is advantageous due to the abundance of biomass resources, including rice, wood, plantation crops like palm oil, sugarcane, rubber, coconut, corn, municipal waste, and animal waste.