Synthesis of geopolymer for the removal of hazardous waste: a review

Abstract

Abstract Water is the most essential material on Earth; any pollution of water can have adverse effects on living beings. Today, the elimination of harmful pollutants from water is one of the most critical concerns; in this respect, the application of a minimum quantity of chemicals or the use of natural substances for pollutant elimination is of serious importance. This review discusses the study work that is carried out on adsorbent synthesis from different natural Substances, such as (kaolinite, metakaolin, fly ash, etc). This adsorbent is known as geopolymer. An attention to the geopolymer was paid to its specific three-dimensional network structure, with defined pore sizes. The review shall include the elemental and sorts of materials used in the creation of adsorbents and the impact of parameters like as (pH, contact time, adsorbent dose, temperature and initial concentration) on the adsorption capacity of hazardous waste. In addition to enhance the adsorption characteristics of natural substances and producing high-quality adsorbents, different synthesis techniques have been produced. One of the most successful methods is to precipitate nanoparticles on the geopolymer surface. This development would improve the adsorbent surface area, mechanical strength and resistance to chemical compounds, by means of that improving its ability for adsorption of contaminants.