Study of morpho-biological characteristics of rice samples grown under conditions of insufficient and optimal water supply

Abstract

Abstract The article shows the results of a morpho-biological study of rice cultivars grown in the fields of the Rostov Region under drought conditions and normal water supply. The aim of the research is a comparative structural analysis of rice samples under conditions of soil and air drought and under normal flooding with water. The formation of quantitative traits in plants under normal watering conditions and with a moisture deficit occurred in different ways. Under drought conditions, compared with the norm, the yield decreased (67.9% of the norm), the number of plants to be harvested per 1 m2, the mass of the panicle, the mass of 1000 grains; increased bushiness, the number of spikelets on the panicle and its density, the growing season “flooding with water – flowering”. The number of empty spikelets on a panicle and the percentage of empty grain increased especially strongly. The values of the remaining studied characteristics were at the same level in both variants of the experiment. The maximum yield in dry conditions was formed by the varieties Boyarin (4.43 t/ha), Contact (4.53 t/ha), Zolotye vshody (4.60 t/ha) and Sukhodol (4.60 t/ha). Drought-resistant forms that can be used to create dry-land rice varieties have been identified.