Seeds’ similarity of cultural and natural flora under chloride load in conditions of southern Ukraine

Abstract

Abstract Saline soils make up almost 25% of the entire earth’s surface. Their areas, unfortunately, have a steady tendency to expand due to the aridization of the climate and the global increase in the average annual air temperature of the planet. The increased concentration of salts in the soil limits the diversity of cultural and conditions the poverty of natural flora, forms areas of risky agriculture in the south of Ukraine. Seeds are a unique product of evolution, the main generative organ of plants, characterized by a number of morphological, physiological and biological features, among which there is adaptation heterogeneity. It is established that by the number of germination days (the seeds of the cultural flora sprouts for 7–10 days, and in wild representatives this indicator extends to 10–12 days) the plants can be arranged in the following order: seven days –Secale cereale L., Triticum durum L., Avena sativa L., Hordeum vulgare L., Helianthus annuus L., Matricaria recutita L.; ten days – Beta vulgaris L., Phaseolus vulgaris L. and twelve days – Valeriana officinalis L. It is found that the most optimal for germination is the aquatic environment, so the plants are arranged according to the list: Helianthus annuus L. → Avena sativa L. → Triticum durum L. → Matricaria recutita L. → Secale cereale L. → Hordeum vulgare L. → Beta vulgaris L. → Valeriana officinalis L. → Phaseolus vulgaris L. It is proved that Na+ and Cl–ions differentially affect the seed germination energy: at a concentration of 0.1% NaCl – Triticum durum L. → Helianthus annuus L. → Hordeum vulgare L. → Secale cereale L. → Phaseolus vulgaris L. → Avena sativa L. → Matricaria recutita L. → Beta vulgaris L. → Valeriana officinalis L.; at a solution concentration of 0.2% NaCl – Secale cereale L. → Triticum durum L. → Helianthus annuus L. → Avena sativa L. → Matricaria recutita L. → Hordeum vulgare L. → Phaseolus vulgaris L. → Valeriana officinalis L. → Beta vulgaris L. The results obtained indicate that the chloride load in the seeds of plants manifests itself in the form of distress as well as eustress. It has been proved that the diagnostic features of chloride hermesis were more clearly manifested in the representatives of the cultural flora than the natural ones.