Chambal River Water Quality Assessment at Kota Metropolis Through the Irrigation Water Quality Indices from 2017-2021

Abstract

Abstract The Chambal river plays an essential role in satisfying all water demands for the two million population of Kota and nearby districts of Rajasthan (India). This research aims to analyse the Chambal river water quality for irrigation in the upstream and downstream of Kota dam, Rajasthan (India), for five years, from 2017 to 2021. The irrigation water quality of the Chambal river at Kota is estimated with the help of five indices, namely, the permeability index (PI). Kelly ration (KR), magnesium hazard (MH), soluble sodium percentage (SSP), and sodium absorption ratio (SAR). Calcium, magnesium, potassium, sodium, and bicarbonate were analysed from 2017 to 2021 to complete irrigation water quality indices (IWQIs) for the Chambal river upstream and downstream of the Kota dam. Akalgarh is situated upstream of the Kota dam, while Rangpur, SRRT, and Keshoraipatan in the downstream. The irrigation water quality indices (IWQIs) are estimated to access river water quality for agricultural use. SAR, SAP, KR, MH, and PI had higher values in downstream sampling points than upstream during the observation period of five years. Hence, upstream river water is more suitable for use in agricultural activities. The evaluated IWQIs are the best rating tool for Chambal river water quality. Different characteristics of Chambal river water may be assessed through these IWQIs. The best management program and pollution control strategies can be determined, which ultimately helps stack holders for decision making.