Water usage pattern of peri-urban community in the river basin: analyzing crucial variables for human exposure model

Author:

Utami R R,Yoga G P,Geerling G W,Salami I R S,Notodarmojo S,Ragas A M J

Abstract

Abstract The human exposure model (HEM) is an important tool to predict the amount of contaminants carried by water to the community. Proper input variables play a crucial role in running the HEM, which is often scarce, particularly in low- and middle-income countries like Indonesia. To overcome that problem, we conducted a water demand survey of 10 water-related activities in a peri-urban community of the Upper Citarum River Basin. The survey resulted in three main variables of the exposure model from those activities, i.e. frequency, volume, and duration. This study aims to analyze if the contaminant uptakes from the HEM output were significantly different between groups (i.e.: male and female groups, 18 – 65 y.o. and ≥ 65 y.o. groups) and which exposure routes and water-related activities contribute the most to the contaminant’s total uptake by using statistical and proportional analysis. The output of carbofuran deterministic modelling showed the average total uptake was 1.06.E+00 ng/kg/day. The statistical analysis revealed a significant difference between oral and dermal uptake, but there was no significant difference in total uptake between gender and age groups. After conducting the proportional analysis, it was found that oral uptake contributed almost 99% to the total uptake of carbofuran. The analysis also showed that drinking and cooking were two activities contributing the most to the total uptake. This study’s results are necessary for health risk assessment and HEM development, especially in the field of river basin management.

Publisher

IOP Publishing

Subject

General Medicine

Reference24 articles.

1. Impact of water insecurity amidst endemic and pandemic in Pakistan: Two tales unsolved;Ahmad;Ann. Med. Surg.,2022

2. Mapping domestic water use to quantify water-demand and water-related contaminant exposure in a peri-urban community, Indonesia;Utami,2023

3. Assessment of Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices on Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene in Some Selected LGAs in Kaduna State, Northwestern Nigeria;Sridhar;J. Environ. Public Health,2020

同舟云学术

1.学者识别学者识别

2.学术分析学术分析

3.人才评估人才评估

"同舟云学术"是以全球学者为主线,采集、加工和组织学术论文而形成的新型学术文献查询和分析系统,可以对全球学者进行文献检索和人才价值评估。用户可以通过关注某些学科领域的顶尖人物而持续追踪该领域的学科进展和研究前沿。经过近期的数据扩容,当前同舟云学术共收录了国内外主流学术期刊6万余种,收集的期刊论文及会议论文总量共计约1.5亿篇,并以每天添加12000余篇中外论文的速度递增。我们也可以为用户提供个性化、定制化的学者数据。欢迎来电咨询!咨询电话:010-8811{复制后删除}0370

www.globalauthorid.com

TOP

Copyright © 2019-2024 北京同舟云网络信息技术有限公司
京公网安备11010802033243号  京ICP备18003416号-3