Effect of Cytokinin Levels on Some Varieties of Wheat on Yield, Growth and Yield Components

Abstract

Abstract An experiment was conducted throughout winter 2020-2021 in the experimental field of the Department of Field Crops, Tikrit University to investigate the effect of spraying cytokinin on the growth and yield of wheat bread Triticum aestivum L varieties. Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) was used with a split-plot system and three replications. Cytokinin concentrations were 0, 100, 200 that were sprayed on two dates; during the branching stage (ZGS: 22); during the al-Battan stage (ZGS:40). Ten varieties were used included Al-Rasheed, Ibaa 99, Sham 6, Baghdad, Bohouth 22, Adana 99, Bora Italian, Sulaymaniyah 2, Al Fayyad and Al Wafiya. Nnumber of days from planting to 50% of spikes, leaf area of the flag, grain yield and biological, and protein percentage and wet gluten percentage were measured. The ten-wheat cultivars showed a significant difference in growth, yield, and quality. The Fayyad was the earliest than the other cultivars by the number of days from emergence to 50% spikes, 104.33 days, and the highest of the number of spikes per area unit, 569.22 spikes. m-2. Rashid cultivar showed the highest average of flag leaf area, 67.22 cm2, and the highest average number of grains per spike,100.88 grains. Also, it gave the highest average of grain yield, 496.77 g. m-2. Sulaymaniyah 2 cultivar was the highest in the weight of 1000 grains, 51.38 g. Spraying 200 ml. L-1 cytokinin indicated a significant difference for the most of traits such as flag leaf area, 53.56 cm2, the number of grains in the 78.80 grains, biological yield 452.46 g. m-1, protein percentage, 15.02%.