Scale invariant FIMP miracle

Abstract

Abstract We study the freeze-in production of vector dark matter (DM) in a classically scale invariant theory, where the Standard Model (SM) is augmented with an abelian U(1) X gauge symmetry that is spontaneously broken due to the non-zero vacuum expectation value (VEV) of a scalar charged under the U(1) X . Generating the SM Higgs mass at 1-loop level, it leaves only two parameters in the dark sector, namely, the DM mass mX and the gauge coupling gX as independent, and supplement with a naturally light dark scalar particle. We show, for gX ~ 𝒪(10-5), it is possible to produce the DM X out-of-equilibrium in the early Universe, satisfying the observed relic abundance for mX ~ 𝒪(TeV), which in turn also determines the scalar mixing angle sinθ ~ 𝒪(10-5). The presence of such naturally light scalar mediator with tiny mixing with the SM, opens up the possibility for the model to be explored in direct search experiment, which otherwise is insensitive to standard freeze-in scenarios. Moreover we show that even with such feeble couplings, necessary for the DM freeze-in, the scenario is testable in several light dark sector searches (e.g., in DUNE and in FASER-II), satisfying constraints from the observed relic abundance as well as big bang nucleosynthesis (BBN). Particularly, we find, regions in the parameter space with mX ≳ 1.8 TeV becomes insensitive to direct detection probe but still can be accessible in lifetime frontier searches, again courtesy to the underlying scale invariance of the theory.