Analysis of significant risk factors for sand accumulation on desert expressways

Abstract

Abstract Expressways in desert areas are prone to sand lifting and accumulation. This study aims to explore the impact of various risk factors on sand accumulation on road surfaces. Initially, the study identifies the causes of these risks through on-site investigation. Subsequently, using Fluent numerical simulation, it examines how different wind speeds, wind directions, route angles, embankment heights, embankment widths, embankment slope ratios, and central median layouts affect sand accumulation. Finally, based on simulation results and sand accumulation data from the Uma Expressway’s desert section, the study evaluates the importance of these factors using ordered logistic regression analysis and proposes strategic recommendations. The findings indicate that the degree of sand accumulation increases with higher wind speeds, more significant embankment heights, and variations in wind direction, route angle, and embankment width, as well as the configuration of the central median. Wind speed and embankment height are identified as the main factors influencing sand accumulation. Based on the risk assessment, the study suggests a four-point preventive strategy: (i) implementing wind speed management measures; (ii) optimizing embankment design; (iii) developing sand prevention strategies for the central median; and (iv) adjusting the alignment of the road relative to the wind direction.