On soft measurement modeling for predicting photovoltaic power with uncertainty based on the Takagi–Sugeno model

Abstract

Abstract Accurate solar power forecast is becoming more essential for safe and reliable power grid operation with the increasing number of grid-connected photovoltaic (PV) power production units. However, PV power exhibits significant output fluctuation due to both external inputs and intrinsic stochasticity in system dynamics. Therefore, an efficient and reliable soft measurement model of PV power with uncertainty is demanded in practice applications. The technique described in this paper captures the impacts produced by the fundamental uncertainty observed in the data, instead of relying on unrealistic assumptions about uncertainty. A soft measurement model using the Takagi–Sugeno fuzzy logic system based on several input–output time series of PV plants is presented in this study. Chebyshev’s inequality from probability theory and statistics is adopted to create the confidence interval-based response envelopes for these time series at each moment. An envelope-based measure of output uncertainty and a center-valued response forecasting model can be obtained by the proposed identification technique. PV datasets are employed to demonstrate the concept, which indicates the proposed soft measurement may outperform existing methods in terms of prediction accuracy. The average values of mean absolute error, root mean squared error, and the correlation coefficient (R) are only 0.0787, 0.1113, and 0.9979. The average values of the prediction interval coverage probability and the prediction interval normalized average width are 0.9806 and 0.1051.