Integration of two different road network models for emergency rescue pathfinding in indoor and outdoor environments

Abstract

Abstract The environment of buildings and outdoor transportation in urban areas is becoming increasingly complex. This poses a challenge for rescue pathfinding once an emergency occurs, which relies on the generation of road network models. To better balance efficiency and accuracy in pathfinding, a three-dimensional integrated road network model (3D-IRNM) derived from grid and topological road network models was developed in this study. Firstly, a cross-platform data loading method from building information model to geographic information systems (GIS) is proposed, to serve as a data source for road network model generation, visual enhancement, and breaking the barriers between different spatial data format models. Then, the topological and grid road network models are generated in indoor spaces of different functions, with IRNM obtained by the integration strategy. The 3D-IRNM can be formed by extracting indoor vertical paths from the stairs and connecting them with the IRNM of each floor. To further combine the 3D-IRNM with outdoor environments, a CrossNode model is then proposed. Besides, an adaptive pathfinding algorithm is also proposed. Finally, the construction of an emergency pathfinding system based on GIS technology is achieved. The pathfinding algorithm and the structure of 3D-IRNM help the pathfinding both efficiency and accuracy. The practicability of the designed 3D-IRNM together with its pathfinding algorithm is well verified.